SS-31

SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted peptide used in laboratories to study mitochondrial stability, energy production, and oxidative stress at the cellular level.

It is a tetrapeptide that specifically binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, helping maintain mitochondrial structure and function. SS-31 is applied in research due to its ability to reduce oxidative damage and optimize ATP production in cell models.

Research Findings:

• In in-vitro studies, SS-31 has been shown to stabilize mitochondrial membranes and improve electron transport chain efficiency
• This may reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhance cellular energy balance
• Researchers use SS-31 to study the interaction between oxidative stress, cellular aging, and mitochondrial energy production
• Also investigated for its role in muscle function regulation, neuroprotection, and tissue repair

Studies:

• Szeto et al., 2014 (Antioxidants & Redox Signaling)
• Zhao et al., 2019 (Frontiers in Physiology)

Research Context:
Applied in laboratories to investigate mitochondrial dynamics, aging processes, and energy metabolism. Not developed or intended for human consumption, veterinary, or medical use.